A függő beszéd elhangzott kijelentések, kérdések, felszólítások tárgyi formájában történő visszaadása.

 Indirect Speech

3 dologra kell figyelni:

1. Igeidő-egyeztetés

Simple present

Simple past

"I always drink coffee", she said.

She said that she always drank coffee.

Present continuous

Past continuous

"I am reading a book", he explained.

He explained that he was reading a book.

Simple past

Past perfect

"Bill arrived on Saturday", he said.

He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday.

Present perfect

Past perfect

"I have been to Spain", he told me.

He told me that he had been to Spain.

Past perfect

Past perfect

"I had just turned out the light," he explained.

He explained that he had just turned out the light.

Present perfect continuous

Past perfect continuous

They complained, "We have been waiting for hours".

They complained that they had been waiting for hours.

Past continuous

Past perfect continuous

"We were living in Paris", they told me.

They told me that they had been living in Paris.

Future

Present conditional

"I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said.

He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday.

Future continuous

Conditional continuous

She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday".

She said that she would be using the car next Friday.

 

2. Szórend

Yes / no questions /eldöntendő kérdés/: 'ask' + 'if / whether + clause:

    1. "Do you speak English?" -- He asked me if I spoke English.
    2. "Are you British or American?" -- He asked me whether I was British or American.
    3. "Is it raining?" -- She asked if it was raining.
    4. "Have you got a computer?" -- He wanted to know whether I had a computer.
    5. "Can you type?" -- She asked if I could type.
    6. "Did you come by train?" -- He enquired whether I had come by train.
    7. "Have you been to Bristol before?" -- She asked if I had been to Bristol before.

Question words /kérdőszavas kérdés/:

  1. "What is your name?" he asked me. -- He asked me what my name was.
  2. "How old is your mother?", he asked. -- He asked how old her mother was.
  3. The mouse said to the elephant, "Where do you live?" --- The mouse asked the elephant where she lived.
  4. "What time does the train arrive?" she asked. -- She asked what time the train arrived.
  5. "When can we have dinner?" she asked. -- She asked when they could have dinner.
  6. The elephant said to the mouse, "Why are you so small?" -- The elephant asked the mouse why she was so small.

3. Irányhoz / időhöz kötődő szavak cseréje

today

that day

"I saw him today", she said.

She said that she had seen him that day.

yesterday

the day before

"I saw him yesterday", she said.

She said that she had seen him the day before.

the day before yesterday

two days before

"I met her the day before yesterday", he said.

He said that he had met her two days before.

tomorrow

the next/following day

"I'll see you tomorrow", he said.

He said that he would see me the next day.

the day after tomorrow

in two days’ time/ two days later

"We'll come the day after tomorrow", they said.

They said that they would come in two days’ time/ two days later.

next week/month/year

the following week/month/year

"I have an appointment next week", she said.

She said that she had an appointment the following week.

last week/month/year

the previous/week/month/year

"I was on holiday last week", he told us.

He told us that he had been on holiday the previous week.

ago

before

"I saw her a week ago," he said.

He said he had seen her a week before.

this (for time)

that

"I'm getting a new car this week", she said.

She said she was getting a new car that week.

this/that (adjectives)

the

"Do you like this shirt?" he asked.

He asked if I liked the shirt.

here

there

He said, "I live here".

He told me he lived there.


I/me/my/mine, you/your/yours --him/his/her/hers
we/us/our/ours, you/your/yours --they/their/theirs
:

He said: "I like your new car." --He told her that he liked her new car.
I said: "I'm going to my friend's house." --I said that I was going to my friend's house.

TOVÁBBI LEHETŐSÉGEK

(1) REMÉNY, SZÁNDÉK, ÍGÉRET = that-clause vagy to-infinitive:

"I'll pay you the money tomorrow."

He promised to pay me the money the next day.

He promised that he would pay me the money the next day.

hope, propose, threaten, guarantee, swear

  • "I'll be back by lunchtime."
  • He promised to be back by lunchtime.
  • He promised that he would be back by lunchtime.
  • "We should arrive in London before nightfall."
  • They hoped to arrive in London before nightfall.
  • They hoped they would arrive in London before nightfall.
  • "Give me the keys to the safe or I'll shoot you!"
  • He threatened to shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
  • He threatened that he would shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.

(2) PARANCS, KÉRÉS, JAVASLAT

a., 'tell' + sy + to-inf:

He told me to go away.

command, order, warn, ask, advise, invite, beg, teach, forbid

    1. The doctor said to me, "Stop smoking!". -- The doctor told me to stop smoking.
    2. "Get out of the car!" said the policeman. -- The policeman ordered him to get out of the car.
    3. "Could you please be quiet," she said. -- She asked me to be quiet.
    4. The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!" -- The man with the gun warned us not to move.

b., ask + for + object:

    1. "Can I have an apple?", she asked. -- She asked for an apple.
    2. "Can I have the newspaper, please?" -- He asked for the newspaper.
    3. "May I have a glass of water?" he said. -- He asked for a glass of water.
    4. "Sugar, please." -- She asked for the sugar.
    5. "Could I have three kilos of onions?" -- He asked for three kilos of onions.

c., javaslat that-clause vagy should

She said: "Why don't you get a mechanic to look at the car?" -- She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car. OR She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.

insist, recommend, demand, request, propose

  1. a. "It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother. --My mother suggested I see the dentist.
  2. The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush". --The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.
  3. My manager said, "I think we should examine the budget carefully at this meeting." --My manager proposed that we examine the budget carefully at the meeting.
  4. "Why don't you sleep overnight at my house?" she said. --She suggested that I sleep

overnight at her house.

Suggest : I suggested postponing the visit to the dentist.

ÖSSZEFOGLALVA

1. Verbs followed by 'if' or 'whether' + clause

ask
know
remember

say
see

2. Verbs followed by a that-clause

add
admit
agree
announce
answer
argue
boast
claim
comment
complain
confirm
consider
deny

doubt
estimate
explain
fear
feel
insist
mention
observe
persuade
propose
remark
remember
repeat

reply
report
reveal
say
state
suggest
suppose
tell
think
understand
warn

3. Verbs followed by either a that-clause or a to-infinitive

decide
expect
guarantee
hope

promise
swear
threaten

4. Verbs followed by a that-clause containing should (but note that it may be omitted, leaving a subject + zero-infinitive):

advise
beg
demand

insist
prefer
propose

recommend
request
suggest

5. Verbs followed by a clause starting with a question word:

decide
describe
discover
discuss
explain
forget
guess

imagine
know
learn
realise
remember
reveal
say

see
suggest
teach
tell
think
understand
wonder

6. Verbs followed by object + to-infinitive:

advise
ask
beg
command

forbid
instruct
invite

teach
tell
warn


MONDATFORDÍTÁS

  1. Nem gondoltam, hogy a döntés ilyen nehéz lesz.
  2. Azt hittem, hogy esetleg meg akarod nézni a gyerekkori fényképeimet.
  3. Az igazgató érdeklődött, hogy a kutatócsoport megoldotta-e a problémát.
  4. Azt mondta, hogy egyetlen kérdés nélkül beengedték a tárgyalóterembe.
  5. A hirdetés figyelmeztetett, hogy a leveleket legkésőbb április 30-ig be kell küldeni.
  6. Megkérdeztük, hogy két nap múlva meglátogathatjuk-e a beteget.
  7. Spanyolországba utaztak. – Igazán? Azt mondták, hogy Prágában fogják tölteni a mézesheteket.
  8. Nem tudod véletlenül, hogy ez milyen növény?
  9. Tudatták velünk, hogy miért nem vettek fel tagnak.
  10. Biztos voltam benne, hogy el tudják foglalni az erődöt.
  11. Azt kérdezte, hogy feltehet-e néhány kérdést.
  12. Azt mondta, hogy nem dolgozom elég keményen.
  13. Panaszkodott, hogy sok nehéz kérdésre kellett válaszolnia a vizsgán.
  14. Javasoltuk, hogy még egyszer gondoljuk át a döntést.
  15. Azt mondta, tegnapelőtt egyedül meg tudta javítani a biztonsági zárat.
  16. Az utazási iroda dolgozója azt mondta, hogy a repülőgépnek két órával ezelőtt kellett volna megérkeznie.
  17. Nem tudtam megmondani nekik, hogy még bent van-e az irodában.
  18. Valaki azt mondta, hogy ezeket a kísérleteket hamarosan folytatni fogják.
  19. Azt hittem, az üzletkötő várja a küldöttséget a repülőtéren.
  20. A főnök azt mondta, hogy négy mérnök meg fogja tudni oldani a problémát.